Analisis Sebaran Kebisingan Akibat Aktivitas Landing dan Take-Off Menggunakan Software Integrated Noise Model 7.0d di Sekitar Bandar Udara Ahmad Yani Semarang

Kegiatan operasional di bandara seperti aktivitas landing dan take-off menimbulkan kebisingan. Tingkat kebisingan yang tinggi dapat mengganggu kesehatan manusia secara signifikan apabila manusia terpapar kebisingan dalam periode waktu yang lama dan terus-menerus. Oleh karena itu, informasi tingkat kebisingan dibutuhkan untuk menentukan sebaran kebisingan. Sebaran kebisingan di sekitar bandara dapat diperkirakan dan dievaluasi dengan menggunakan software Integrated Noise Model (INM). Simulasi kontur kebisingan pada penelitian ini menggunakan data penerbangan selama 1 minggu dengan 333 kedatangan dan 334 keberangkatan. Indeks Weighted Equivalent Continuous Percieved Noise Level (WECPNL) dari hasil simulasi divalidasi dengan hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan di sekitar bandara. Berdasarkan penelitian, total kawasan kebisingan Bandara Ahmad Yani adalah 6,949 km2 dengan berjarak 0,987 km dari runway 31 ke arah Kota Semarang, 4,852 km dari runway 13 ke arah laut dan 0,438 km dari sisi runway. Terdapat 7 sekolah dan 1 rumah sakit yang berada dalam kawasan kebisingan tingkat I dan 0,01 km2 permukiman yang berada di kawasan kebisingan tingkat II. Oleh karena itu, 3 skenario pengendalian disimulasikan yaitu (1) reschedule jadwal penerbangan; (2) pengaturan arah landing and take-off; (3) gabungan skenario 1 dan 2. Berdasarkan penelitian, skenario ketiga merupakan skenario yang paling efektif mengurangi dampak kebisingan karena 37,602% kawasan kebisingan base case dapat direduksi. Terlebih lagi, tidak ada lokasi sensitif seperti rumah sakit, sekolah dan permukiman yang berada dalam kawasan kebisingan ini

Methods and Baseline Characteristics of Two Group-Randomized Trials With Multiracial and Multiethnic Working-class Samples

Introduction: Few papers address the methodological challenges in recruiting participants for studies of cancer prevention interventions designed for multiracial and multiethnic working-class populations. This paper reports the results of the sample selection and survey methods for two group-randomized intervention studies. Methods: The two group-randomized intervention studies, Healthy Directions–Small Business (HD–SB) and Healthy Directions–Health Centers (HD–HC), included a worksite-based study in 26 small manufacturing businesses and a study in 10 outpatient health centers. We used selection and recruitment methods to obtain a multiracial and multiethnic working-class study sample. In 2000 and 2001, we assessed baseline measures of sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral outcomes by self-report. We then computed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Of the 1740 participants in the HD–SB study, 68% were non-Hispanic whites, and 76% had working-class occupations. In the HD–HC study, 59% of 2219 participants were non-Hispanic whites. Among those who worked, 51% had working-class occupations. Large percentages of both samples reported not meeting recommended guidelines for the target behaviors. For example, 86% of members of both samples consumed fewer than the recommended five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. The ICCs for the four target behaviors in HD–SB were between 0.006 and 0.02. In the HD–HC study, the ICCs ranged from 0.0004 to 0.003. Conclusion: The two studies were successful in recruiting multiracial and multiethnic working-class participants. Researchers will find the estimates of the primary outcomes and their ICCs useful for planning future studies

MassBuilt: effectiveness of an apprenticeship site-based smoking cessation intervention for unionized building trades workers

Blue-collar workers are difficult to reach and less likely to successfully quit smoking. The objective of this study was to test a training site-based smoking cessation intervention. This study is a randomized-controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention that integrated occupational health concerns and was delivered in collaboration with unions to apprentices at 10 sites (n = 1,213). We evaluated smoking cessation at 1 and 6 months post-intervention. The baseline prevalence of smoking was 41%. We observed significantly higher quit rates in the intervention versus control group (26% vs. 16.8%; p = 0.014) 1 month after the intervention. However, the effects diminished over time so that the difference in quit rate was not significant at 6 month post-intervention (9% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.48). Intervention group members nevertheless reported a significant decrease in smoking intensity (OR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.55–6.31) at 6 months post-intervention, compared to controls. The study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering an intervention through union apprentice programs. Furthermore, the notably better 1-month quit rate results among intervention members and the greater decrease in smoking intensity among intervention members who continued to smoke underscore the need to develop strategies to help reduce relapse among blue-collar workers who quit smoking

A hazardous substance exposure prevention rating method for intervention needs assessment and effectiveness evaluation: the Small Business Exposure Index

Aims This paper describes the refinement and adaptation to small business of a previously developed method for systematically prioritizing needs for intervention on hazardous substance exposures in manufacturing worksites, and evaluating intervention effectiveness. Methods We developed a checklist containing six unique sets of yes/no variables organized in a 2 × 3 matrix of exposure potential versus exposure protection at three levels corresponding to a simplified hierarchy of controls: materials, processes, and human interface. Each of the six sets of indicator variables was reduced to a high/moderate/low rating. Ratings from the matrix were then combined to generate an exposure prevention \u27Small Business Exposure Index\u27 (SBEI) Summary score for each area. Reflecting the hierarchy of controls, material factors were weighted highest, followed by process, and then human interface. The checklist administered by an industrial hygienist during walk-through inspection (N = 149 manufacturing processes/areas in 25 small to medium-sized manufacturing worksites). One area or process per manufacturing department was assessed and rated. A second hygienist independently assessed 36 areas to evaluate inter-rater reliability. Results The SBEI Summary scores indicated that exposures were well controlled in the majority of areas assessed (58% with rating of 1 or 2 on a 6-point scale), that there was some room for improvement in roughly one-third of areas (31% of areas rated 3 or 4), and that roughly 10% of the areas assessed were urgently in need of intervention (rated as 5 or 6). Inter-rater reliability of EP ratings was good to excellent (e.g., for SBEI Summary scores, weighted kappa = 0.73, 95% CI 0.52–0.93). Conclusion The SBEI exposure prevention rating method is suitable for use in small/medium enterprises, has good discriminatory power and reliability, offers an inexpensive method for intervention needs assessment and effectiveness evaluation, and complements quantitative exposure assessment with an upstream prevention focus

Body mass index, physical activity, and dietary behaviors among members of an urban community fitness center: a questionnaire survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Development of effective behavioral interventions to promote weight control and physical activity among diverse, underserved populations is a public health priority. Community focused wellness organizations, such as YMCAs, could provide a unique channel with which to reach such populations. This study assessed health behaviors and related characteristics of members of an urban YMCA facility.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We surveyed 135 randomly selected members of an urban YMCA facility in Massachusetts to examine self-reported (1) physical activity, (2) dietary behaviors, (3) body mass index, and (4) correlates of behavior change among short-term (i.e., one year or less) and long-term (i.e., more than one year) members. Chi-square tests were used to assess bivariate associations between variables, and multivariate linear regression models were fit to examine correlates of health behaviors and weight status.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eighty-nine percent of short-term and 94% of long-term members reported meeting current physical activity recommendations. Only 24% of short-term and 19% of long-term members met fruit and vegetable consumption recommendations, however, and more than half were overweight or obese. Length of membership was not significantly related to weight status, dietary behaviors, or physical activity. Most respondents were interested in changing health behaviors, in the preparation stage of change, and had high levels of self-efficacy to change behaviors. Short-term members had less education (p = 0.02), lower household incomes (p = 0.02), and were less likely to identify as white (p = 0.005) than long-term members. In multivariate models, females had lower BMI than males (p = 0.003) and reported less physical activity (p = 0.008). Physical activity was also inversely associated with age (p = 0.0004) and education (p = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Rates of overweight/obesity and fruit and vegetable consumption suggested that there is a need for a weight control intervention among members of an urban community YMCA. Membership in such a community wellness facility alone might not be sufficient to help members maintain a healthy weight. The data indicate that YMCA members are interested in making changes in their dietary and physical activity behaviors. Targeting newer YMCA members might be an effective way of reaching underserved populations. These data will help inform the development of a weight control intervention tailored to this setting.</p

Movies and TV Influence Tobacco Use in India: Findings from a National Survey

Background: Exposure to mass media may impact the use of tobacco, a major source of illness and death in India. The objective is to test the association of self-reported tobacco smoking and chewing with frequency of use of four types of mass media: newspapers, radio, television, and movies. Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed data from a sex-stratified nationally-representative cross-sectional survey of 123,768 women and 74,068 men in India. All models controlled for wealth, education, caste, occupation, urbanicity, religion, marital status, and age. In fully-adjusted models, monthly cinema attendance is associated with increased smoking among women (relative risk [RR]: 1·55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·04–2·31) and men (RR: 1·17; 95% CI: 1·12–1·23) and increased tobacco chewing among men (RR: 1·15; 95% CI: 1·11–1·20). Daily television and radio use is associated with higher likelihood of tobacco chewing among men and women, while daily newspaper use is related to lower likelihood of tobacco chewing among women. Conclusion/Significance: In India, exposure to visual mass media may contribute to increased tobacco consumption in men and women, while newspaper use may suppress the use of tobacco chewing in women. Future studies should investigate the role that different types of media content and media play in influencing other health behaviors

The French Didactic Tradition in Mathematics

This chapter presents the French didactic tradition. It first describes theemergence and development of this tradition according to four key features (role ofmathematics and mathematicians, role of theories, role of design of teaching andlearning environments, and role of empirical research), and illustrates it through two case studies respectively devoted to research carried out within this traditionon algebra and on line symmetry-reflection. It then questions the influence of thistradition through the contributions of four researchers from Germany, Italy, Mexicoand Tunisia, before ending with a short epilogue

A decade with vamdc: Results and ambitions

This paper presents an overview of the current status of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) e-infrastructure, including the current status of the VAMDC-connected (or to be connected) databases, updates on the latest technological development within the infrastructure and a presentation of some application tools that make use of the VAMDC e-infrastructure. We analyse the past 10 years of VAMDC development and operation, and assess their impact both on the field of atomic and molecular (A&amp;M) physics itself and on heterogeneous data management in international cooperation. The highly sophisticated VAMDC infrastructure and the related databases developed over this long term make them a perfect resource of sustainable data for future applications in many fields of research. However, we also discuss the current limitations that prevent VAMDC from becoming the main publishing platform and the main source of A&amp;M data for user communities, and present possible solutions under investigation by the consortium. Several user application examples are presented, illustrating the benefits of VAMDC in current research applications, which often need the A&amp;M data from more than one database. Finally, we present our vision for the future of VAMDC.</jats:p

Sequential and parallel solution-biased search for subgraph algorithms

Funding: This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant numbers EP/P026842/1, EP/M508056/1, and EP/N007565).The current state of the art in subgraph isomorphism solving involves using degree as a value-ordering heuristic to direct backtracking search. Such a search makes a heavy commitment to the first branching choice, which is often incorrect. To mitigate this, we introduce and evaluate a new approach, which we call “solution-biased search”. By combining a slightly-random value-ordering heuristic, rapid restarts, and nogood recording, we design an algorithm which instead uses degree to direct the proportion of search effort spent in different subproblems. This increases performance by two orders of magnitude on satisfiable instances, whilst not affecting performance on unsatisfiable instances. This algorithm can also be parallelised in a very simple but effective way: across both satisfiable and unsatisfiable instances, we get a further speedup of over thirty from thirty-six cores, and over one hundred from ten distributed-memory hosts. Finally, we show that solution-biased search is also suitable for optimisation problems, by using it to improve two maximum common induced subgraph algorithms.Postprin